Wissen über Heizen und Kühlen

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If you’re having temperature problems with your Pelton Crane autoclave and the heating element and electrical connections all check out fine, then the problem is probably the thermistor. You’ll only find this particular problem in the OCM, OCR, OCR Plus and Sentry models, though, because the others don’t have this particular device. If you have one of these models, then here’s the solution to your temperature trouble.

A thermistor sounds scary but it’s really just a fancy term for a temperature sensor. It looks like a probe and depending on your model you’ll either find it located at the rear of the chamber or next to the pressure release valve. It senses temperature changes inside the chamber and sends a signal to the pc board telling it when to turn the unit on and off. The pc board then controls the heat inside the chamber based on its programming.

This little temperature probe doesn’t just turn your autoclave on and off. It sends a signal to the pc board every time there’s any fluctuation in temperature. The thermistor and pc board act as a team to control the temperature inside the chamber and keep it at a constant level.

You’ll know it’s definitely a thermistor problem if:

1. The heating elements are not turning on at all (no heat)
2. The heating elements are turning off too soon (low heat)
3. The heating elements are not turning off at all (uncontrollable heat….temperature keeps rising)

How To Test The Pelton Crane Autoclave Thermistor

Before any autoclave repair can be accomplished, you want to be sure you have located the source of the problem. If you have tested your heating elements and found them to be within the acceptable range, and no other cause can be found for the symptoms your autoclave is exhibiting….this is the next part to test.

Don’t worry. Testing the thermistor is easy. All you’ll need is an ohm meter.

Locate the thermistor on your autoclave and trace the two black wires back to the pc board. You’ll find that these wires are connected to the board with either a modular plug or the connection is hardwired (soldered). All you need to do is test those connections.

To test, simply insert a probe into each of the two openings on the plug (or each wire where they connect to the solder. Either way, it does not matter which color probe goes where for this test

Note: The Thermistor is intensely sensitive to heat and it’s important that it be at room temperature (~72 degrees) when conducting this test.

Your reading on your ohm meter should be close to 1 meg ohms. If not, the thermistor is defective and will need to be replaced.

Next, if you get a reasonable reading on the thermistor (allowing for temperature conditions), have someone take a rag soaked in hot water and wrap it around the probe inside the chamber, while you observe the readings on your meter.

You should instantly notice a substantial drop in the resistance reading. This tells you it’s working. That is, the thermistor is responding to the changing temperature. If you don’t see this response, then you know you need to replace it. And believe it or not, as simple as it has been to this point….. the testing you have already done here is more complex and difficult then the repair will be.

To repair your autoclave, simply remove the wires from the board and using a wrench, unscrew the thermistor from the chamber & install the new one…… then reconnect the wire.

You’re done! And you’ve just saved yourself potentially thousands of dollars in repair bills and lost billings.

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Source by Wally Ashbaugh

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Have you ever been taking a shower and run out of hot water while your shampoo in your hair is running into your eyes? I am sure it has happened to everyone at least once. You might have a teenager in the house that doesn’t know what a short shower is.

There could be many factors why you are running out of hot water. You could have a small water tank or the unit could be starting to fail. Also, as mentioned above, you could have a hot water hog in your house.

But, it doesn’t matter what the reason is, there is a wonderful solution. It’s a tankless heater. I know the word sounds like an oxymoron, like jumbo shrimp, but that’s what it is called. And they are far superior to the traditional electric or gas tank water heaters.

What is the difference?

The traditional water tank, whether it is electric or gas, the hot water is stored in a tank, 40 gallon, 50 gallon or some other size. This is great for keeping a ready supply of hot water for immediate use. But, the problem is that all of that heated water sits around most of the day not being used. After time, the water cools and must be re-heated. Not only is this a waste of energy, but it’s a waste of your money!

With the tankless water heater there is no sizeable tank to speak of, so it isn’t constantly re-heating water. What it does is heat water on an „as needed“ basis. You turn on the tap and it heats up the water while the faucet is open. When you turn off the water, it stops heating. What this means is that your child can take a half-an-hour shower and then you can get in the shower and still have plenty of hot water. You never have to worry about running out, because it heats the water immediately. Can you imagine the cost savings by only heating water when you need it?

Another problem with the old-fashioned water heaters is their potential to leak. Just think, all of that water just sitting there. Water, over time can damage the inside of the tank. This can lead to a leak or rupture of the tank, then „water water“ everywhere. With a tankless heater, there is no tank to leak. Thus, another benefit is the avoidance of a major leak.

Finally, a great benefit of the tankless is its small size. A typical water heater needs a lot of space to be installed, three feet around and several feet tall. The tankless is just slightly thicker than the size of a standard laptop. All you need is some wall space to install it.

To sum it up, a tankless heater will always keep you in a hot shower. Never again will you need to „schedule“ your hot water use in the house. They also save energy, but more importantly, money! And finally, they take up little amount of space.

With all of these benefits, a tankless heater is clearly better than the traditional style. If you are in need of a new hot water heater because of age or deterioration, consider the „new hotness“ in tank design and go tankless.

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Source by Russell Roberds

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Choosing the best HVAC contractor is not an easy thing and there are things that have to be mastered so as to make sure you end up with only the best. Contractors are different and therefore you should carry out adequate research to ensure that you find the best in the field. The contractors usually have a terrible reputation for different reasons, but it doesn’t mean that all of them are bad. There are still very good companies that can handle your HVAC needs. You should still give someone a chance to install your air conditioning. Choosing a contractor is therefore a great part of how good the services you get will be like. When you choose carefully, you won’t be in any trouble and the conditioning that you get installed will actually be able to serve you for a long time.

1. Estimates over the phone

If you call a contractor and they are ready to give you an estimate or bid over the phone, you should be worried. You need to know that each air conditioning unit is unique from all others. Giving a bid or even an estimate over the phone is not a reasonable thing. This is because there are very many factors that should be considered before any money can be quoted. The best contractor will first check the registers, the insulation, the ducting, the windows you have and so many other things. All these things are physical and you cannot conduct them over the phone. Even if they do visit, don’t be too comfortable with a person who doesn’t inspect the house critically before giving a calculation.

2. Replacement

If a contractor replaces the old conditioner with another one that is similar to the unit, be very careful. A good unit can last for around 15 years. Just like vehicles get upgrades even though they are in the same category, the same thing applies to the air-conditioning units. A hood contractor will give some recommendations so as to make sure that your home is up to date and efficient enough. When they pitch to you old models, they may be trying to unload some old inventory that won’t sell. The most current and most energy efficient units should be used so as to give you the kind of service that you deserve.

3. Experience

It is true that experience attracts a lot of people, but you need to be aware that it is not the only thing. Someone may tell you they have been doing the installations in a certain way for many years, but you should always know that the business keeps on changing as other technologies do. There are so many exciting technologies that are coming into the market every now and then. Such technological advancements can actually decrease the utility costs and offer better cooling. The contractor should be able to use the cutting edge technology and this includes control units that are up to date. While experience is important, it isn’t the only thing to consider.

4. Licensing

The best contractors need licensing from the authorizing body and this is something that you should always check.

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Source by Shalini Madhav

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When starting a colony of Blatta lateralis there are many important things you need to know, especially if you have never started a colony before. These roaches are actually taking the feeder market by storm because of the ease of caring for them. First off let’s talk about what Blatta lateralis look like. Blatta lateralis are also known as rusty reds, or Turkistan roach. These roaches are small like crickets but they do not require perfect temperature or humidity like crickets do. They also do not smell or die off quickly like crickets tend to. Male lateralis are light colored with wings, and females are dark with no wings. Lateralis are fast movers so be prepared to chase them if they do escape. The upside to them being so fast is that they are fast breeders, because they lay eggs instead of live birth allowing your colony to grow at a fast pace.

Housing your Blatta lateralis is very easy. Any container such as a glass tank or plastic container works well with lateralis since they are non-climbers. Make sure that you have plenty of egg cartons in your container so that you roaches are able to breed. Also you need to keep humidity above 40%. You can get your humidity higher my occasionally misting your container with water. A heat mat can be placed at the bottom of your container of you can place a heat lamp on top of the container to keep a high temperature. The container’s temperature should be between 80 and 95 degrees Fahrenheit. You could also use a pre heated reptile room, nocturnal light bulb with a reflector, heat tape, human heating pad, or a heat cable to keep your container at the right temperature. Make sure you always keep mold out of your colony’s container. Mold can destroy your whole colony.

Feeding your Blatta lateralis is also very easy. Lateralis will pretty much eat anything, but you need to keep in mind whatever you feed your roaches you will also be feeding your pet. Providing your roaches with a high protein diet will allow them to better feed your pets later. Dry cat food, whole grain cereal, baby cereal, fish flakes, or roach diet. You can use dry dog food but it does not have as much protein as the dry cat food. You can put their food in a small dish or in the corners of your tank. Strangely enough lateralis often take their food from the dish and move it to their hiding spots to eat. Water is also very important to the health of your roaches. Water crystals are wonderful to use because they are not messy like liquid water.

Blatta lateralis are wonderful feeder roaches especially for smaller pets such as, tarantulas, geckos, and baby bearded dragons. Any pet that you would normally feed a cricket to you can feed lateralis to. Lateralis also have soft shells so it makes it easier for your pet to digest and allows them to have a higher meat to shell ratio. It is best to allow your colony to fully grow before you start only feeding from it. Your colony should have at least 1 male to each 3 females, allowing you to feed your pets the extra male roaches. Following these tips and growing a healthy colony of Blatta lateralis will ensure that you can keep your pet healthy without spending a lot of money.

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Source by Sarah D Zelkan

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Whenever a company faces problems with its information technology systems it needs to have had an arrangement with an IT support service company that will provide them with professional solutions that will help in reducing the costs of supporting various hardware as well as software environments across the enterprise. Most IT support service companies have a comprehensive portfolio of services that they provide to the customer no matter what size and type.

Using the services of an IT support service company will help in greatly simplifying the support accountability of your hardware and software platforms as well as providing you with rapid response to your problems around the clock, as well as throughout the United Kingdom. There should also be flexibility in the type of service provided so that it meets all of the customer’s needs. Furthermore, the better IT support services that are available in the United Kingdom should provide a range of services that go beyond your standard product support and should incorporate deployment services that will help reduce risks for installation as well as startups, and should provide for implementation as well as integration of the IT systems as well.

The advantage of using an IT support service is that it provides the customer with availability services that will help the client proactively lessen the downtime as well as adequately address service-level commitments. It should also mean getting performance services that means getting objective technical assistance that will safeguard the investment you have made with regard to your information technology systems.

Information technology support services may be defined as the service that permits a representative to assist a computer as well as network services even when they are not available at the client’s location because the client may not be having a full time person to install as well as maintain the information technology systems on site. In today’s fast- paced information technology world, the need to have computers running without a break in service is crucial and the need to have a contract with an information technology support service company is very high as well as recommended.

It is essential for a client to meet his/her specific support and maintenance requirements throughout the life of the information technology systems and thus must enter into a contract with a reliable IT support services company. On the other hand, the information technology support service companies must have suitable IT support service plans to meet the varying needs of their clients. The IT support service plans must also be cost-effective and provide timely access to online support services as well as to other software maintenance support services, if required.

It is not unusual for IT support service companies to offer different support plans which target the varying needs of its different customers and whose business operations as well as applications are totally dependent on proper working of the IT systems installed therein. A fast response time is of the essence as well.

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Source by Lee A. Smith

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Taking advantage of a healthy portion of the heating market, baseboard heating has continually been a favorite heating method along with radiant heating, and forced air systems. They were never formed as a way to heat your complete home, but for additional heat, or simply a solution to warm a new extension or room, baseboard heaters are a broadly selected option.

One of the most broadly recognized brands in this market is Cadet. This company was established back in 1957, in Vancouver, WA, when new home construction was flourishing, and home builders were starting to stray away from the standard radiators in every room. Cadet have constantly had a dedication to new technology and development, maintaining them at the pinnacle of the baseboard heating industry.

There happens to be two types of Cadet baseboard heaters, one with an electric element, and the other hydronic. Both units work by means of convection, although warm the air in different ways. Electric editions make use of a calrod element, sheathed with steel to heat the air that moves over it, whereas the hydronic version uses a sealed tube of water to warm the air. Cadet define this method as ’soft heat‘, which is coined due to the fact of the cooler running temperatures, and efficiently heats the space with out the excessive radiation that the electric alternatives produce.

Produced to the superior standards that buyers have come to expect from Cadet, all of their devices abide to all current safety regulations, and engineered to the finest industry standards. When thinking of installing one of these devices, it can be beneficial to be aware that although the electric versions can be powered off either a 120 or 240V input, the hydronic versions can only operated off 240V, which means that if you are in a country that uses 120V, you must allow for 2 separate power lines to be provided, which may require external support from a professional.

Cadet additionally fabricates a range of portable space heaters, electric radiant in floor heating, thermostats, and fan-forced wall heaters also. They are a very accessible company on the net, but their items are also widely served across the United States.

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Source by Adam Norman

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Refrigerators and Freezers

o Try to keep your refrigerator door closed. You can waste a considerable amount of energy by continually opening and closing the refrigerator. When getting ready to prepare a meal, take all ingredients out at once. Also, make certain that the door is completely closed after you’re done using the refrigerator.

o Locate your freezer or refrigerator away from direct sunlight, heating equipment and heater vents. Provide enough open space on the sides, above and behind for proper air flow.

o Set the temperature of your refrigerator between 36 and 41 degrees Fahrenheit and your freezer close to 0 degrees for maximum savings. The United States Food and Drug Administration also endorses these temperatures to preclude rapid development of bacteria

o Keep your refrigerator or freezer full, but do not overdo it. Overfilling causes the compressor to run longer. Keep foods somewhat separated on the shelves, being sure that they will not block the unit’s interior air vents.

o Keep the unit’s condenser coils residue free and unblocked for the most energy efficiency.

o Since a snug-sealing door gasket is important for the efficiency of your refrigerator, clean door gaskets with warm water or a detergent that leaves no residue.

o Seal all moist foods that are stored in your refrigerator. Moisture might be drawn into the air, causing the unit to work for a longer period of time.

o If you use an older back-up freezer that only has a little food in it, use only the primary freezer and shut down the older one.

Cooking Appliances

o If you own more than one oven, use the smaller one whenever feasible.

o Save both time and money by using one oven to cook the complete meal. A cake or pie can go into the already heated oven after the main course is done.

o Use a pressure cooker. It reduces cooking time to less than half compared to typical cookware.

o Warming foods, dishes and platters with the oven’s already stored heat after roasting, requires no additional energy. If the food must be kept hot for longer than a half-hour, set the oven no higher than 140 to 200 degrees.

o Consider using a microwave oven, small portable electric frying pan, grill, or toaster oven/broiler rather than your oven. Cook out-of-doors or prepare cold meals to prevent heating up the kitchen and steam to the air inside your home. Microwave ovens use less than 1/2 of the power of a traditional oven and cook food in approximately 1/4 of the time.

o Covered pots or pans will begin producing steam or boiling quicker than those that are uncovered, permitting quicker results and less energy use.

o Cook with pots and pans that completely cover the heating elements. Use pots with even bases, vertical sides and tight-fitting lids in order to retain heat and permit lower temperature settings.

o Cook with crock pots, outdoor grills or casserole dishes to minimize the use of your stove’s heating elements and oven.

o Use only enough water to produce steam and preclude sticking when cooking fresh or frozen vegetables.

o Make sure that reflector pans under an electric stove’s heating elements are bright and clean. They reflect heat onto the bottom of the pot.

o Do not cover oven racks with foil. It can block the flow of heated air making the oven work longer to finish the job.

o Cook following exact timing and temperature instructions. Accurate timing reduces the need for repeated opening and closing of the oven door to check on cooking progress. Each time the oven is opened, the oven cools by 30 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit.

o On an electric stove, begin with high heat then decrease the temperature as the food starts to boil or bubble. Switch off the surface element a few minutes before cooking is complete. Electric stoves remain hot for a few minutes after they have been switched off.

o During warmer days, do your major cooking in the cooler evening or early morning hours. Try to use the range top instead of the oven.

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Source by Jim Navary

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Distinctly, you have known it’s a fact that internet has become more important over the past decade than it has been for many years, so that you have to think about your typing skills. In the past, telephones started to dominate our personal and business communication. Instead of picking up the phone and call someone, it was much easier to instant chat with someone via MSN or send an Email. Apparently, mastering typing skills is necessary for you.

So do you know how fast you can type? And is your typing accuracy good enough? To know your typing speed and typing accuracy, you can clearly know your typing skills. Of course, to know your typing skills, you should take typing test to test your tying speed and accuracy on a keyboard.

Surely, it’s easy to learn to type with your two fingers just by looking at the keyboard. It’s quite slow and terrible to type by this way. Without doubt, the best way to gain how to type and how to improve typing speed is by using typing software, and with your typing improvement, you can take typing test to see your typing accuracy and typing speed in wpm, words per minute, as soon as you finish typing this short paragraph.

The most important and basic score is words per minute, or wpm for short. Often, this is a corrected score, where each error made during the test reduces the words per minute by one. Another common score is an accuracy percentage – which is simply the number of words you got right compared to how many you typed. For instance, 80% accuracy means you averaged 8 out of 10 words right.

Typing tests are offered by GS Typing Tutor, an online typing tutorial which teaches typing for Qwerty the US standard and Dvorak the US alternative standard keyboards. In typing lessons rhythm of music is used to encourage rhythmical typing. For practice and the typing tutor has typing games. Typing exercises and typing games accommodate all skills. From beginners to advanced Qwerty typist who wants to learn typing on more comfortable and faster Dvorak’s layout of a computer keyboard.

You may take a typing test to understand your current typing performance at any time. Once you complete the test, you can print or view the diploma of the test. The typing tutor supports many types of typing tests as the following below:

1. General typing test is a traditional way to examine your skills. The typing tutor shows the test text on the screen and you copy them to complete the test.

2. Typing At Will is a test which no test text is provided, you type what you want, so that the accuracy is meaningless but the typing speed.

3. Original Copy Typing Test is a unique feature of this typing tutor, which examines your typing speed with the original copy (printed copy). This test type needs two copies of the test text, one is printed on the paper, and another is stored on your computer for checking the error purpose. After the test starting, you type the text from the printed copy, and the program computes the accuracy and speed.

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Source by Shu Jun

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Heating and air conditioning, (HVAC) systems consist of many mechanical and electronic components including compressors, pumps, fans, pipes, thermostats, etc. These are delicate appliances and needs proper care and maintenance. Central heating and cooling systems are more prone to failure as they stand the extreme weather conditions. This is the reason, an expert technician is always needed in order to repair, maintain, diagnose, as well as correct the severe problems throughout the system.

Experienced plumbers and HVAC technicians offer comprehensive services for:

1. Compressors

2. Evaporator Coils

Compressors

In AC units, the compressor is the prime component and serves big functions. Its main function is to squeeze the refrigerant that comes to the compressor as a cool and low-pressure gas. The compressor in turn envelops the molecules of the fluid close together. The process of squeezing of molecules together enhances its underlying energy as well as temperature and the working fluid leaves the compressor as a hot and high-pressure gas.

In central air conditioning systems, it is located in a separate box outside the home comfort. If your air conditioner running continuously, but fail to cool or maintain the inner temperature the problem persist in the compressor. Therefore, it is necessary to keep your compressor clean and clear. Expert plumbers can perform the task and clear away any leaves, herbs, mud, debris, grass clippings or dust particles and rinse it off with a hose. It will clean the compressor and make it more efficient. Plumbers also clean the aluminum fins present inside the component.

Evaporator Coils

It is an integral part of the air conditioning unit, which pulls heat out of your home’s atmosphere. Its main part is to allow the liquid to evaporate arriving from the compressor, which extracts heat from the surrounding home air and eventually lowers the air temperature inside.

For your air conditioning unit to work smartly and efficiently, it’s vital to keep these evaporator coils clean and clear. Plumbers and expert HVAC technicians change the filter frequently. They also inspect your air conditioner in order to identify whether your evaporator coil needs a more thorough, professional cleaning.

Specialists also diagnose other components of the system including thermostat, air handlers, furnaces, heat pumps and provide vitally essential HVAC tips to the people. They provide energy saving tips, annual air conditioning and heat pump maintenance programs and regular repairing services to the keep the system efficient, smooth and trouble-free. For complete peace of mind they tend to offer necessary services including heater and furnace repairs and installation, HVAC installation and repair and air conditioning system design.

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Source by Alfred Gordan

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If you own an old air conditioner or heat pump that uses Freon, it is time to think about making a change. Freon is a chemical coolant, or refrigerant, that facilitates the transfer of heat from one place to another. Known as R-22 in the heating, cooling, and refrigeration industry, Freon has been used for several decades, but won’t be any longer. This is because chemical refrigerants are harmful to the environment, including the O-zone layer. And as soon as this scientific evidence was confirmed, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), along with several other environmental agencies from around the world, came together to ratify the Freon Phase Out. If you own an old air conditioner, continue reading to learn about the Freon phase out and how it affects your property’s heating and cooling.

Freon Phase Out

World-wide environmental protection agencies enacted a Freon phase out several years ago to eliminate the threat of chemical refrigerants to our surrounding environment, namely our O-zone layer. With years of hard work, chemical engineers and HVAC specialist were able to create an eco-friendly replacement for R-22 called R-410A, better known as Puron. So in 2010, HVAC manufacturers stopped producing Freon-dependent appliances entirely, and started only producing systems designed to use Puron. In accordance with this phase out, Freon can only be used to recharge HVAC systems until January 1st, 2020. After this date, Freon will be completely phased-out and no longer available.

Get Rid of Freon

If you own an air conditioning system that uses Freon as a coolant, you can expect some difficulties until this upcoming 2020 date. Since Freon is being phased out, the market supply has dropped drastically. This means that Freon is difficult to find and very costly. Recharging your HVAC system is going to be both tedious and expensive for the next four years. And in 2020, you will have no choice but to replace your system with a new one since Freon will be gone forever. For these reasons and more, it is important to consider replacing your air conditioner with a newer model as soon as possible. Not only will it lower energy bills and maintenance costs, it will be much safer for the environment!

Don’t waste your time repairing coolant leaks or mechanical problems in an air conditioner that still utilizes Freon. It is more cost-effective to replace your air conditioning system altogether, and skip the imminent hassle of using Freon. Eventually, you’ll have to invest in a non-Freon system anyway, so it’s better to start now!

How to Safely Dispose an Old Air Conditioner

When it comes time to replace your old air conditioner with a new one, do not throw your old AC in the trash. Not only is this highly dangerous and illegal, it is a waste of perfectly good money. That’s because you can sell your old appliances to a scrap metal buyer and make a quick cash profit. Then you can use this money toward your new air conditioner purchase. Before you sell your air conditioner to a scrap metal yard, it is important to first learn how to dispose of the R-22 and R-410A refrigerants, legally and safely.

To do this, you must hire a certified professional to remove the refrigerants from your old AC unit. Some scrap yards have professionals they work with that do this service for them, while others require you do have the refrigerants removed before they can accept them. Check with your local scrap metal buyer to see what their requirements are for scrapping an old air conditioner. You can also look for Responsible Appliance Disposal (RAD) organizations in your area if you want to get rid of it without selling it to a scrap metal buyer.

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Source by Sarahbeth Kluzinski